siRNA knockdown of SPHK1 in vivo protects mice from systemic, type-I Allergy.

Systemic anaphylaxis is considered to be a typical immediate hypersensitivity response, determined by the activation of immune cells,
via antigen-induced aggregation of IgE-sensitized FcεRI cells. Perhaps most the important cells, in the immediate hypersensitivity responses, are mast cells. We have previously shown that SPHK1 plays a key role in the intracellular signaling pathways triggered by FceRI aggregation on human
mast cells. More recently, we performed a genome-wide gene expression profiling of human mast cells, sensitized with IgE alone, or stimulated by FcεRI aggregation. We found that sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) was one
of genes activated at the earlier stages of mast cell activation, including during sensitization. Moreover, SPHK1 has been shown, by us and others, to be a key player in the intracellular signaling pathways triggered by
several immune-receptors, including fMLP, C5a, and Fcg- and Fcereceptors. Here we have investigated the in vivo role of SPHK1 in allergy, using a specific siRNA to knockdown SPHK1 in vivo. Our results support a role for
SPHK1 in the inflammatory responses that share clinical, immunological, and histological features of type I hypersensitivity. Thus, mice pretreated with the siRNA for SPHK1 were protected from the IgE mediated allergic
reactions including: temperature changes, histamine release, cytokine production, cell-adhesion molecule expression, and immune cell infiltration into the lungs

Differential Gene Expression of Human Mast cell Activation Reveals Gene profiles of Innate and Adaptive Immunity.

High-density oligonucleotide microarray is a promising approach for high throughput analysis. It has been extensively used in many areas of biomedical research. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated allergic response (type-1 hypersensitivity) is one of the most powerful reactions of the immune system. Tissue Mast Cells (MCs) and circulating basophils are the major effector cells in these reactions. By dissecting the regulatory circuitry of mast cells by analyzing the genome wide effects of antigen stimulation triggered by FcεRI, offers a potential for finding novel genes as ‘targets’ for therapeutic intervention. In this work, we tried to study the gene expression pattern in IgE sensitized and FcεRI cross linked cord blood derived MCs using one of the latest techniques, high density oligonucleotide expression probe array (HG-Focus array, Gene Chip, Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA). Microarray hybridization of RNA from cord blood derived MCs revealed coordinated changes in gene expression in response to IgE stimulation and receptor cross linking at different time points. Among the most prominent findings, we observed 2 to 32-fold increased expression of different transcripts. Real-time PCR confirmed reliability of microarray data. This enabled us to classify and cluster genes by functional families as well as to understand known genes in signaling pathways. These results defined a list of primary candidates for finding novel genes as ‘targets’ for therapeutic intervention

Educational Ideals Emphasized in the Naladiyar

The Keelkanaku books which appeared after the Sangam Literature are known as Neethi Literature. Tirukkural, contained among them, is an emperor in the world justice books. Being as the book by Kural Venba got its name ‘Kural,’ which was made up of four feet of by Naladi Venba also named as ‘Naladi’ it is referred to as Naladiyar, Naladi Nanuru, Velanvedham. Education for man is in this birth, which is said to be the benefit of this birth, unlike the wealth that gives him tangible things, it does not lack to give, it grows more and more lower than makes him richer. These are the art of words of Jain sages in these Venbakkal however this research paper reveals the information about the ability of both men and women to remove their ignorance and improving knowledge in the fourteenth Chapter “Education” which are based on Naladiar's work, which has ethical thoughts emphasizing the life of the ancient Tamils

Critical Analysis on Detection and Mitigation of Security Vulnerabilities in Virtualization Data Centers

There is an increasing demand for IT resources in growing business enterprises. Data center virtualization helps to meet this increasing demand by driving higher server utilization and utilizing un-used CPU cycles without causes much increase in new servers. Reduction in infrastructure complexities, Optimization of cost of IT system management, power and cooling are some of the additional benefits of virtualization. Virtualization also brings various security vulnerabilities. They are prone to attacks like hyperjacking, intrusion, data thefts, denial of service attacks on virtualized servers and web facing applications etc. This works identifies the security challenges in virtualization. A critical analysis on existing state of art works on detection and mitigation of various vulnerabilities is presented. The aim is to identify the open issues and propose prospective solutions in brief for these open issues

Aperiodicity Correction for Rotor Tip Vortex Measurements

The initial roll-up of a tip vortex trailing from a model-scale, hovering rotor was measured using particle image velocimetry. The unique feature of the measurements was that a microscope was attached to the camera to allow much higher spatial resolution than hitherto possible. This also posed some unique challenges. In particular, the existing methodologies to correct for aperiodicity in the tip vortex locations could not be easily extended to the present measurements. The difficulty stemmed from the inability to accurately determine the vortex center, which is a prerequisite for the correction procedure. A new method is proposed for determining the vortex center, as well as the vortex core properties, using a least-squares fit approach. This approach has the obvious advantage that the properties are derived from not just a few points near the vortex core, but from a much larger area of flow measurements. Results clearly demonstrate the advantage in the form of reduced variation in the estimated core properties, and also the self-consistent results obtained using three different aperiodicity correction methods

Rotor Hover Performance and Flowfield Measurements with Untwisted and Highly-Twisted Blades

The flowfield and performance characteristics of highly-twisted blades were analyzed at various thrust conditions to improve the fundamental understanding relating the wake effects on rotor performance. Similar measurements made using untwisted blades served as the baseline case. Twisted blades are known to give better hover performance than untwisted blades at high thrust coefficients typical of those found in full-scale rotors. However, the present experiments were conducted at sufficiently low thrust (beginning from zero thrust), where the untwisted blades showed identical, if not better, performance when compared with the highly-twisted blades. The flowfield measurements showed some key wake differences between the two rotors, as well. These observations when combined with simple blade element momentum theory (also called annular disk momentum theory) helped further the understanding of rotor performance characteristics

Surgical Management of Fracture Shaft of Femur in Children aged between 5 to 16 years using Elastic Stable Intramedullary Nailing

INTRODUCTION: Femoral shaft fractures account for 1.6% of all PAEDIATRIC INJURIES. In children 5 years or younger, early closed reduction and application of spica cast is an ideal treatment for most diaphyseal fracture. In skeletally mature adolescents, use of antegrade solid intramedullary rod has become standard treatment. But, the best treatment for children between five to sixteen years of age is still debated. Compared with younger children, patients in this intermediate age group have high risk of shortening and malunion when conservative measures used. Children managed with traction and spica cast as a treatment modality has to undergo various adverse physical, social, psychological and financial consequences, of prolonged immobilization. Various other modalities include external fixation, plates and screws, use of solid antegrade intramedullary nail are available. However, the risk of certain complications, particularly pintract infection and refractures after external fixation or osteonecrosis with solid nails. In the past seven years fixation with flexible intramedullary nails have become popular technique, for stabilizing femoral fracture in school aged children. ESIN fixation system is a simple, effective and minimally invasive technique. It gives stable fixation with rapid healing and prompt return of child to normal activity. This study was intended to assess the results following treatment of fracture shaft of femur by flexible intra medullary nail or elastic stable intramedullary technique. AIM: The purpose of this study is to analyze the efficacy of ELASTIC STABLE INTRAMEDULLARY NAILING (TENS) in the treatment of fracture shaft of femur in children aged between 5 to 16 years with special emphasis on technical difficulties and complications MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study 20 patients aged 5-16 years, with fracture shaft of femur were treated with flexible intramedullary nail with TITANIUM ELASTIC NAILS (TENS) at Government Rajaji Hospital attached to Madurai Medical College, Madurai from May 2006 to November 2007. Inclusion Criteria: • Children and adolescent patients from 5 to 16 year with diaphyseal femur fracture. Exclusion Criteria: • Patients less than 5 years of age and more than 16 years of age. • Patients unfit for surgery • Comminuted and segmental fractures. • Fracture involving the distal 1/3rd of femoral shaft. RESULTS: All patients were followed until fracture union occurred. The followup period ranged from 6 months to 18 months. Results were analysed both clinically and radiologically. The results were evaluated according to the TENS SCORING SYSTEM used by FLYNN et al. Majority of the patients i.e. 8 (40%) were in the age group of 5-8 years. The younger patient was 5 years and the oldest was 15 years and the mean age of study was 10.15 years. Majority of patients were males and 2 were females. Major Cause of fractures in our series is RTA. Right femur involved in 55% of cases. Middle 1/3rd of the shaft was involved in 12 (60%). Associated Injuries: Head Injury -2, Abdominal Injury -1, Ipsilateral Tibia -1, Pelvic fracture -1. Average Time interval between trauma and surgery was 3.95 days. One patient who had a head injury problem, we operated after 2 wks needed an open reduction. Another patient who had compound required open reduction. We done postoperative immobilization in two cases in form of skin traction in a Thomas Splint, both were comminuted fractures. 2 patient who had superficial infection stayed more than 12 days in hospital. Average duration of hospital stay in our series in 10.1 days. CONCLUSION: Twenty patients with 20 diaphyseal fractures were treated with Elastic Stable Intramedullary nailing between May 2006 to November 2007 at Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai. Children and adolescents aged between 5 to 16 years were included in this study with the average age being 10.15 years and 90% of them were boys. RTA is the major course for the fractures and 2 fractures were open fractures. 12 cases were in middle 1/3 fractures and 8 of them were upper third and middle third junction fractures. All patients were operated on a fracture table. 18 fractures were closely reduced and fixed, 2 cases open reduction done. Except one case we allowed active hip and knee range of motion exercise on 2nd post operative day we allowed partial weight bearing around 3-4 wks and full weight bearing only after clinical and radiological complete union was evident . Based on our experience and results, we conclude that ELASTIC STABLE INTRAMEDULLARY NAILING technique is an ideal method for treatment of pediatric femoral shaft fractures. It gives elastic mobility promoting rapid union at fractures site and stability which is ideal for early mobilization. It gives lower complication rate, good outcome when compared with other methods of treatment

Assessment of germination percentage and growth parameters of different varieties of Napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum) on sodic soil of Thoothukudi district, Tamil Nadu, India

Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) is a fast-growing forage crop cultivated throughout the year in tropical and subtropical regions. A phytoremediation study was undertaken at the Agricultural College and Research Institute (AC & RI), Killikulam, Thoothukudi District, Tamil Nadu, India, during 2020-2021 to evaluate the performance of cumbu napier varieties on sodic and neutral soil. Four cumbu napier varieties, CO (BN) 6, CO (BN) 5, KKM 1 and CO (CN) 4, were tested in both soils. Pots were filled with 10 kg of soil. Three cuttings of cumbu napiers per pot were planted as per the treatment schedule. Germination and growth parameters were observed up to three harvests. The results of the present study revealed that the germination percentage of variety CO (BN) 6 was highest (100%) among the varieties under sodic conditions. Growth parameters such as plant height, leaf length, number of leaves, and number of clumps of this variety showed better efficiency under high sodic levels than other varieties. This variety CO (BN) 6 could tolerate and be established well under alkaline soil and produced amaximum plant height (134 cm) and a higher number of clumps (10) during the third harvest. The growth pattern of cumbu napier varieties was in the order of CO (BN) 6> CO (BN) 5 > KKM 1 > CO (CN) 4. Furthermore, the experimental results revealed that cumbu napier could be recommended as a suitable crop for sodic soil

Amendments food waste compost on soil enzymatic activities in groundnut cultivated soil, India

Soil enzymes are play an important role in organic soil. Soil microbes enhances the enzymatic activities .Which is very beneficial to solubilizing the nutrients in the soil. In the present investigation was to find out the activity of soil enzymes such as acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, dehydrogenase and to find the fresh weight of groundnut pods in the addition of food waste compost